Background: BV is an anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate indicated for the treatment of CD30+ rrHL following ASCT or after ≥2 prior therapies in patients who are ASCT-ineligible. We aimed to compare effectiveness in post-ASCT patients with rrHL receiving BV to those receiving other or no treatment in clinical settings in Germany and the UK. Methods: This retrospective medical chart review enrolled patients at 45 clinical sites in Germany and the UK. The study included patients ≥18 years old at HL diagnosis, who received ASCT between 1 January 2008-30 June 2014, had ≥12 months of available clinical data from the start of post-ASCT treatment, and were not enrolled in an HL-related clinical trial. This analysis included randomly selected post-ASCT patients who subsequently relapsed, and an augmented sample of patients who relapsed post-ASCT. Patients were grouped according to the subsequent line of therapy (LOT) received after post-ASCT relapse (BV, salvage chemotherapy, or no treatment). Patient demographics, clinical, and treatment characteristics were described, and clinical outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and best response. Median PFS and OS were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods; other outcomes were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 360 patients were included in the study (161 in Germany, 199 in the UK). Of these, 213 received BV, 128 received other treatments, and 19 received no treatment for post-ASCT relapse. Groups were similar in age at diagnosis, gender, and HL type. The most commonly applied chemotherapy regimens were gemcitabine-based (38% and 42% in Germany and UK) and ICE (17% and 8%, respectively). Patients in the BV group received a median of 7 of the recommended 16 treatment cycles (Table). Median PFS was 11.7 months longer in patients receiving BV compared to those receiving salvage chemotherapy. Median OS from start of therapy was 32.0 months in the salvage chemotherapy group and was not estimable in the BV group due to >50% of patients surviving at last follow-up (P=0.014). Other events that occurred during treatment include leukopenia (12%) and peripheral neuropathy (10%) for BV and leukopenia (12%), anemia (6%), and diarrhea (6%) for salvage chemotherapy. Conclusion: In this real-world study, rrHL patients receiving BV as the first post-relapse LOT after ASCT relapse tended to have longer PFS and OS than patients receiving salvage chemotherapy; however, confidence intervals were wide.